Safford Unified School District # 1 v. Redding, 129 S. Ct. 2633; 174 L. Ed. 2d. 354; 009 U.S. LEXIS 4735 (2009) Facts—An assistant principal escorted thirteen-year-old Savana Redding from her middle school classroom to his office where he confronted…
Thornton v. United States, 541 U.S. 615; 124 S. Ct. 2127; 158 L. Ed. 2d 905 (2004) Facts—After Marcus Thornton exited his car, Officer Deion Nichols of the Norfolk, Virginia, Police Department stopped him for having improper license tags. After…
Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822; 122 S. Ct. 2559; 153 L. Ed. 2d 73 (2002) Facts—Pottawatomie County School District in Oklahoma instituted a Student Activities Drug Testing Policy…
Knowles v. Iowa, 525 U.S. 113; 119 S. Ct. 484; 142 L. Ed. 2d 492 (1998) Facts—An officer stopped Knowles for speeding. He issued Knowles a citation but did not arrest him. He did, however, perform a full search of…
California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35; 108 S. Ct. 1625; 100 L. Ed. 2d 30 (1988) Facts—Acting on information that Greenwood might be in the narcotics trade, the Laguna Beach Police Department asked the neighborhood’s regular trash collector to pick…
California v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S. 207; 106 S. Ct. 1809; 90 L. Ed. 2d 210 (1986) Facts—Policemen acted on a tip that Ciraolo was growing marijuana in his backyard. Because of an inner and outer high fence it was difficult…
New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325; 105 S. Ct. 733; 83 L. Ed. 2d 720 (1985) Facts—A fourteen-year-old high school freshman in New Jersey (and a companion) were discovered smoking in the school lavatory in violation of school rules.…
Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431; 104 S. Ct. 2501; 81 L. Ed. 2d 377 (1984) Facts—On Christmas Eve in 1968 ten-year-old Pamela Powers disappeared from a YMCA building in Des Moines, Iowa. A fourteen-year-old boy subsequently saw Williams carrying…
United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897; 104 S. Ct. 3405; 82 L. Ed. 2d 677 (1984) Facts—Police obtained a facially valid search warrant to conduct a search from which they gained evidence that resulted in an indictment for possessing…
United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798; 102 S. Ct. 2157; 72 L. Ed. 2d 572 (1982) Facts—Acting on information supplied by a reliable informant, the police stopped a described automobile and individual, opened the car’s trunk, and discovered heroin.…